NSW Climate and Energy Action

Green Gravity’s innovative energy storage technology for the Illawarra

03 March 2026
Climate Change Fund Business and industry

In a 4-storey warehouse in Port Kembla, a Wollongong-based company is pioneering an energy storage technology that repurposes decommissioned mineshafts into Gravitational Energy Storage Systems (GESS).

X41 Shaft Winder at Glencore
This technology offers a scalable alternative to chemical batteries.

“Our GESS technology harnesses excess renewable energy in the middle of the day and stores or time-shifts this energy to times in the day when there is increased demand, like at night,” says Tania Jones, Manager Sustainable Market Development at Green Gravity. Green Gravity has received NSW Government funding through the Clean Technology Innovation project development grant.

Green Gravity’s technology could bring new life to the Illawarra’s closed mining assets, storing and supplying hundreds of megawatt hours of electricity.

Worker measuring crane gripper in warehouse
Green Gravity store energy as gravitational potential, using solar power to lift heavy weights and then makes electricity by lowering the weights when the power is needed and releasing it back to the grid.

The power of gravity

The system will draw on daytime solar power to lift heavy weights – each between 60 and 80 tonnes – up vertical mineshafts. During the evening when there is high electricity demand, the weights will be lowered back down the mineshaft to drive a regenerative motor to produce electricity.

“Because the regenerative motor is working to brake the descent of the weights, it acts like a generator, creating electricity to supply back into the grid,” Tania explains.

Worker next to crane with concrete block
Unlike batteries, the process uses no chemicals or water. It uses heavy weights and the energy is stored as gravitational potential rather than electrochemical charge.

Reuse and repurpose – turning the old into the future

The infrastructure repurposes existing hoists, header frames, electricity distribution lines and substations at mine sites, to minimise costs and the environmental impact.

Mineshafts in the Illawarra region are ideal for Green Gravity’s purposes because of their depth and proximity to transmission infrastructure. Typically, each mineshaft is about 500 metres deep. Two shafts working in parallel could deliver 10–15 megawatts over 8 hours, about enough to power 3,000 homes.

In June 2023, Green Gravity commissioned a first-of-a-kind above-ground prototype called The Gravity LabTM.

Inside the Gravity lab, a 12-metre high structure to demonstrate gravitational energy storage
The Gravity lab is a 12-metre high structure that mimics 2 parallel mineshafts, lowering sixteen 500-kilogram weights in sequence to demonstrate gravitational energy storage.

Green Gravity used the Clean Technology Innovation grant funding to prototype heavier weights and refine gripping and stacking mechanisms before deploying them in a nearby disused mineshaft in a field demonstration at Russell Vale.

Russell Vale mineshaft demo site, Green Gravity
The Illawarra region has more than 30 potentially suitable mineshafts, like this one at Russell Vale. Similar NSW mining regions are under review like the Hunter to the north, and Cobar, Orange and Broken Hill to the west.

Towards net zero and a circular economy

Out of the 95,000 mines in Australia, 85,000 are closed or abandoned1, presenting an opportunity for Australia to repurpose its mining legacy for energy storage. Given the right depth and conditions for deploying GESS technology, Green Gravity have identified gigawatts of stored energy potential.

The regions and communities in which these mines exist also possess the skillsets and supply chains to support GESS deployment and operation. Skills transition from mining and regional job creation in renewable energy can occur,” Tania says. 

When existing infrastructure and disturbed land are used to make the sun’s energy available during the night, NSW will be a step closer to meeting its renewable energy targets.

Crane and gripper in a large warehouse
The technology offers regional economic renewal by re-employing mining expertise in a clean energy context.

All photos courtesy of Green Gravity. 

1 Australian Mines Atlas (ga.gov.au) | Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources

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